Hover Fly and Bee Travel Varieties Variety
Bee Varieties Diversity
Away from 2009 so you can 2018, 192 bee kinds (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) were trapped into the Calanques National Playground through one another web and you may dish pitfall selections. It belonged so you’re able to six parents and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually the quintessential species-rich relatives, with Apidae and you can Halictidae, which have 53, forty two, and you may 43 varieties, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are new richest genus, which have 33 types, whereas eight genera was illustrated of the singular types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table step one [on the internet merely] ). Using the jackknife step one and 2 spiders, the bee variety richness is estimated are anywhere between ± nine.89 and you will ± . New observed richness thus illustrated 71.step three to help you 79.6% of estimated bee fullness ( Desk 2). This new Chao1 method projected this new seen richness to be 76.8% of potential restriction fullness ( Desk dos). The quintessential numerous types is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 individuals), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum datingranking.net/adultspace-review (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 some one, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). Fundamentally, fifty kinds (26%) have been depicted of the only one private (singletons).
Environmental Characteristics out of Bees
About your environment qualities of nesting choices, we recognized 59 solitary bee species nesting more than crushed, 92 single bee species nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, equal to 30.eight, 47.nine, and you will a dozen.0% of your total bee kinds fullness, correspondingly. We detected four social species (bumble bees and you can honey bees-2.1%). Finally, the brand new nesting needs away from fourteen varieties are still unfamiliar (seven.3%- Supp Desk 1 [on the internet merely] ). Regarding the flowery diet plan off bee species, i discovered that 105 variety (54.7%) foraged towards an array of bush kinds (we.e., generalist variety, polylectic) and 51 varieties (twenty six.5%) foraged on a single plant friends otherwise one/partners plant species (we.age., professional species, oligolectic). Towards leftover thirty six bee varieties (18.8%), this new flowery eating plan wasn’t known (elizabeth.grams., having cleptoparasitic kinds). However, extremely generalist kinds showed a preference for just one or a few bush household ( Supp Desk 1 [on line just] ). Toward forty-two singletons, fourteen bee variety (28%) was basically pros, and you will nine bee variety (18%) have been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Dining table step one [on line just] ).
An IUCN status was available for 178 variety (leaving out the new species buildings and you can unidentified types). Those types of, 47 species had been classified due to the fact analysis lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 variety were least alarmed (LC-69.6%), half a dozen species was near endangered (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something varieties is considered threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step one [on line just] ). About three oligolectic kinds was indeed among the many seven threatened bee variety. A great. ovatula and C. albomaculatus was specialist for the Fabaceae, D. argentata are a specialist to your Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 so you’re able to 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was indeed trapped inside Calanques Federal Park. They belonged so you can twenty four genera ( Supp Table 2 [online simply] ). The essential abundant genera was basically Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 some one), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen somebody), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in Latreille, 1828 (13 somebody), whereas 20 species (53%) was indeed portrayed by the only 1 individual ( Supp Dining table dos [on the web just] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) were represented of the 20 varieties, along with four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table 3 [online just] ). The brand new estimate regarding full variety richness from hover flies and you will bee flies are between 83 and you may 97 kinds with the jackknife step 1 and you will dos spiders, correspondingly. For that reason, the brand new noticed richness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of the projected hover fly and bee travel fullness ( Desk 2).